Oxazolidinone photoaffinity probes

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are novel compounds that are useful and effective as photoaffinity probes and methods of using oxazolidinone photoaffinity probes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention is directed, in part, to novel photolabile oxazolidinones and preparation thereof. The novel compounds can be used as photoaffinity probes within sensitive bacteria including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and mammalian cells.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] A number of antibiotic compounds have been developed and shown to be effective in inhibiting translation. The antibiotics neomycin, thiostrepton, and hygromycin appear to inhibit translocation and occupation of the A site within a ribosome but have no effect on formation of the fMet-tRNA_(f) ^(Met)/ribosome translation complex nor on the peptide-bond synthesis which occurs in the absence of elongation factor P. Streptomycin, which causes misreading and also inhibits A-site binding, interacts with two sites on the 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit. Lincomycin inhibits peptidyltransferase and occupation of the A-site. Erythromycin inhibits peptidyltransferase and destabilizes the peptidyl-tRNA/ribosome/mRNA complex.

[0003] A number of additional compounds have been recently developed and have been shown to act as antimicrobial or antibacterial agents. International Publication WO 99/41244 discloses substituted aminophenyl isoxazoline compounds useful as antimicrobial agents. U.S. Pat. No. 5,910,504 describes hetero-aromatic ring substituted phenyloxazolidinone antimicrobial agents. In addition, International Publication WO 00/10566 discloses isoxazolinone antibacterial agents. An important step in the development of new antimicrobial or antibacterial agents, such as those disclosed above, is the elucidation of a mechanism of action. The specific site of interaction of non selective antibiotics/antitumor agents, such as sparsomycin, that inhibit protein translation by a different, less useful, and direct mechanism, has been described. Porse et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999, 96, 9003-9008. Previous studies with chemical probes using isolated, cell-free systems have failed to define the relative sites of interaction of these types of antibiotic compounds of the oxazolidinone class. Matassova, et al., RNA, 1999, 5, 939-946. This is, in part, because the previous methods were incapable of defining the sites of the particular and specific mechanism of action of this important class of antibiotics. Probes that help to elucidate the mechanism of action of antimicrobial and/or antibacterial agents and methods of using the same are highly desired.

[0004] The present invention is directed, inter alia, to novel oxazolidinone compounds and use of oxazolidinone compounds as photoaffinity probes. Compounds suspected of having antimicrobial and/or antibacterial activity can be used in intact cells and can be evaluated for a mechanism of action by using active and inactive enantiomers of oxazolidinone compounds as competitors for crosslinking to components within the cell. The compounds and methods of the present invention allow one skilled in the art to elucidate the mechanism of action of antibacterial and/or antimicrobial agents that are suspected of inhibiting protein translation. These and other aspects of the invention are described below.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention is directed to novel compounds that are useful and effective as photoaffinity probes useful for, inter alia, identification of the oxazolidinone binding site within gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These compounds can also be used for aiding in the determination of oxazolidinone binding sites within mammalian cells.

[0006] The compounds of the present invention comprise Formula I shown below.

[0007] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R¹ is H or I; R² is H or OH; R³ is H or C₁-C₈ alkyl; L is a bond or —OCH₂C(═O); and Q is

[0008] wherein R⁴ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl; and Z is O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0009] Other compounds of the present invention comprise Formula II shown below.

[0010] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R¹ is H or I; R² is H or OH; and Q is

[0011] wherein R⁴ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl; and Z is O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0012] Other compounds of the present invention comprise Formula III shown below.

[0013] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R⁵ is

[0014] wherein R⁶ is H, N₃, halogen, NH₂, OH, SH, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, C₁-C₄ alkyl, nitrile, carboxamide, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl; and P is

[0015] wherein Z is O or S; and R⁷ is

[0016] wherein R¹ is H or I; and R² is H or OH; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0017] In other embodiments of the invention, methods of using a compound comprising Formula IV as a photoaffinity probe are provided, wherein Formula IV is

[0018] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R⁸ is H or I; R⁹ is H or OH; R¹⁰ is H or C₁-C₈ alkyl; L is a bond or —OCH₂C(═O); and Q is

[0019] wherein R¹¹ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl; and Z is O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0020] In other embodiments of the invention, methods of using a compound comprising Formula V as a photoaffinity probe are provided, wherein Formula V is

[0021] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R¹² is N₃ or

[0022] wherein R⁸ is H or I; R⁹ is H or OH; and Q is

[0023] wherein R¹¹ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl; and Z is O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0024] In other embodiments of the invention, methods of using a compound comprising Formula VI as a photoaffinity probe are provided, wherein Formula VI is

[0025] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R¹³ is

[0026] wherein R¹⁴ is H, N₃, halogen, NH₂, OH, SH, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, C₁-C₄ alkyl, nitrile, carboxamide, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl; and P is

[0027] wherein: Z is O or S; and R¹⁵ is

[0028] wherein R⁸ is H or I; and R⁹ is H or OH; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0029] Various definitions are made throughout this document. Most words have the meaning that would be attributed to those words by one skilled in the art. Words specifically defined either below or elsewhere in this document have the meaning provided in the context of invention as a whole and as are typically understood by those skilled in the art.

[0030] As used herein, the term “cross-linking” or “binding” means the physical interaction between the photoaffinity probe and at least one component within a cell or from a cell or combinations thereof. Binding includes ionic, non-ionic, Hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals, hydrophobic interactions, etc. The physical interaction, the binding, can be either direct or indirect, indirect being through or because of another protein or compound. Direct binding refers to interactions that do not take place through or because of another protein or compound but instead are without other substantial chemical intermediates.

[0031] As used herein, the term “component” within a cell means any protein, nucleic acid, lipid, etc. within a cell. Components include, but are not limited to, the contents of the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, and the like.

[0032] As used herein, the term “competitor compound” means any identifiable chemical or molecule, small molecule, peptide, protein, sugar, natural or synthetic, that is suspected (such as a test compound) to potentially interact with or compete with the photoaffinity probe for cross-linking to a component within a cell or from a cell.

[0033] As used herein, the term “contacting” means either direct or indirect, application of a photoaffinity compound or competitor compound within a cell, on or to a cell, or to components from a cell. The competitor compound or photoaffinity compound can be present within a buffer, salt, solution, etc.

[0034] As used herein, the term “oxazolidinone” means a compound of the class known as oxazolidinones, including the compounds described in U.S. Ser. Nos. 07/438,759, 07/553,795, 08/006,596, 07/882,407, 07/786,107, 07/831,213, 08/233,903, 08/119,279, 08/226,158, 08/155,988, 08/329,717, 07/909,387, 08/339,979, 08/384,278, 08/875,800, 07/880,432, 08/610,031, 08/332,822, 07/988,589, 08/003,778, 08/066,356, 08/438,705, 60/015,499, 60/003,149, 09/138,205, 09/138,209, 08/696,313, 60/012,316, 08/803,469, 60/003,838, 08/709,998, 60/008,554, 08/762,478, 60/007,371, 08/850,424, 60/048,342, 09/080,751, 60/052,907, 60/064,746, 09/111,995, 60/064,738, 60/065,376, 60/067,830, 60/089,498, 60/100,185, 09/081,164, 60/088,283, 60/092,765, 07/244,988, 07/253,850; European Patents EP 0500686, EP 0610265, EP 0673370; PCT Application Numbers PCT/US90/06220, PCT/US94/08904, PCT/US94/10582, PCT/US95/02972, PCT/US95/10992, PCT/US93/04850, PCT/US95/12751, PCT/US96/00718, PCT/US93/03570, PCT/US93/09589, PCT/US96/05202, PCT/US97/03458, PCT/US96/12766, PCT/US97/01970, PCT/US96/14135, PCT/US96/19149, PCT/US96/17120, PCT/US98/09889, PCT/US98/13437;and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,700,799, 5,719,154, 5,547,950, 5,523,403, 5,668,286, 5,652,238, 5,688,792, 5,247,090, 5,231,188, 5,654,428, 5,654,435, 5,756,732, 5,164,510, 5,182,403, 5,225,565, 5,618,949, 5,627,197, 5,534,636, 5,532,261, 5,776,937, 5,529,998, 5,684,023, 5,627,181, 5,698,574, 5,220,011, 5,208,329, 5,036,092, 4,965,268, 4,921,869, 4,948,801, 5,043,443, 5,130,316, 5,254,577, 4,877,892, 4,791,207, 4,642,351, 4,665,171, 4,734,495, 4,775,752, 4,870,169, 4,668,517, 4,340,606, 4,362,866, 4,193,918, 4,000,293, 3,947,465, 4,007,168, 3,674,780, 3,686,170, 3,906,101, 3,678,040, 3,177,114, 3,141,889, 3,149,119, 3,117,122, 5,719,154, 5,254,577, 4,801,600, 4,705,799, 4,461,773, 4,243,801, 3,794,665, 3,632,577, 3,598,830, 3,513,238, 3,598,812, 3,546,241, 3,318,878, 3,322,712; the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Preferred oxazolidinones include linezolid and eperezolid.

[0035] The present invention is directed to novel photoaffinity probes comprising Formula I, Formula II, or Formula III. The preferred configuration at C-5 is (S). It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that compounds of the present can have additional chiral centers and be isolated in optically active or racemic form. The present invention encompasses any racemic, optically-active (such as enantiomers, diastereomers), tautomeric, or stereoisomeric form, or mixture thereof, of a compound of the invention. The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising photoaffinity probes which comprise Formula I, Formula II, or Formula III, or a mixture thereof.

[0036] Preferred compounds of this invention have one radioactive element which is either ³H (T₃), ³⁵S, or ¹²⁵I. It is understood, however, that the Formulas include all isotopic forms of the compounds depicted.

[0037] In some embodiments of the invention, compounds comprise Formula I, shown below.

[0038] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃ in a variety of substitution patterns. Preferred compounds have one fluorine and one H. R¹ is H or I. R² is H or OH. R³ is H or C₁-C₈ alkyl. L is a bond or —OCH₂C(═O). Q is

[0039] wherein R⁴ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl. Z is O or S. Compounds comprising Formula I also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

[0040] Preferred compounds comprising Formula I have the following substituents: X is F, Y is H, R³ is H, and R⁴ is CH₃. More preferably, compounds of Formula I include, but are not limited to, 2-[4-[4-[(5S)-5-[(Acetylamino)methyl]-2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl-4-azido-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoate, N-[[(5S)-3-[4-[4-(4-Azido-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl] acetamide, 2-[4-[4-[(5S)-5-[(Acetylamino)methyl]-2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl 4-azido-3-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoate, and N-[[(5S)-3-[4-[4-(4-Azido-3-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide.

[0041] In other embodiments of the invention, compounds comprise Formula II, shown below.

[0042] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃ in a variety of substitution patterns. Preferred compounds have one fluorine and one H. R¹ is H or I. R² is H or OH. Q is

[0043] wherein R⁴ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl. Z is O or S. Compounds comprising Formula II also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

[0044] Preferred compounds comprising Formula II have the following substituents: X is F, Y is H, and R⁴ is CH₃. More preferably, compounds of Formula II include, but are not limited to, N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-T₃-acetamide, N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl] methyl]-T₃-acetamide, N-[[(SS)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]ethane-³⁵S-thioamide, and N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo-¹²⁵I-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide.

[0045] In other embodiments of the invention, compounds comprise Formula III, shown below.

[0046] wherein X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃ in a variety of substitution patterns. Preferred compounds have one fluorine and one H. R⁵ is

[0047] wherein R⁶ is H, N₃, halogen, NH₂, OH, SH, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, C₁-C₄ alkyl, nitrile, carboxamide, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl. P is

[0048] wherein Z is O or S. R⁷ is

[0049] wherein R¹ is H or I. R² is H or OH. Compounds comprising Formula III also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

[0050] Preferred compounds comprising Formula III have the following substituents: X is F, Y is H, and R⁶ is H. More preferably, compounds of Formula III include, but are not limited to, (2E)-3-(4-azido-3-iodo-¹²⁵I-phenyl)-N-[[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-2-propenamide, 4-azido-N-[[(SS)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzamide, and N-(4-azidophenyl)-N′-[[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-³⁵S-thiourea.

[0051] The present invention is also directed to methods of using a compound having Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI (shown above) as a photoaffinity probe. Briefly, a cell, or component(s) thereof, is contacted with a photoaffinity probe comprising Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI. Preferably, the photoaffinity probe is radiolabled. The photoaffinity probe is then exposed to light, preferably ultraviolet, in order to activate the photoaffinity probe. Cross-linking of the photoaffinity probe is determined by methods well known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, by detecting the radiolabel. Radiolabel, such as ³H, ¹²⁵I, or ³⁵S, for example, can be detected by a variety of autoradiography techniques well known to the skilled artisan. In other embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises contacting the cell or component(s) thereof with a competitor compound. The ability of the competitor compound to interfere with cross-linking of the photoaffinity probe indicates the bioactivity of the competitor compound.

[0052] Cells of the present invention include, but are not limited to, gram positive bacterial pathogens, including, for example, Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis (A, B, C biotypes); Staphylococcus caseolyticus; Staphylococcus gallinarum; Staphylococcus haemolyticus; Staphylococcus hominis; Staphylococcus saprophyticus; Streptococcus agalactiae (group B); Streptococcus mutans/rattus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); Streptococcus salivarius; Streptococcus sanguis; Streptococcus sobrinus; Actinomyces spps.; Arthrobacter histidinolovorans; Corynebacterium diptheriae; Clostridium difficle; Clostridium spps.; Enterococcus casseliflavus; Enterococcus durans; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Enterococcus gallinarum; Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae; Fusobacterium spps.; Listeria monocytogenes; Prevotella spps.; Propionibacterium acnes; and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

[0053] Cells also include, but are not limited to, gram negative bacterial pathogens, including, for example, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; Acinetobacter haemolyticus; Aeromonas hydrophila; Bordetella pertussis; Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bacteroides fragilis; Bartonella bacilliformis; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Campylobacter fetus; Campylobacter jejuni; Chlamydia pneumoniae; Chlamydia psittaci; Chlamydia trachomatis; Citrobacter freundii; Coxiella burnetti; Edwardsiella tarda; Edwardsiella hoshinae; Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae (groups A and B); Escherichia coli (to include all pathogenic subtypes) Ehrlicia spps.; Francisella tularensis; Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans; Haemophilus ducreyi; Haemophilus haemolyticus; Haemophilus influenzae; Haemophilus parahaemolyticus; Haemophilus parainfluenzae; Hafnia alvei; Helicobacter pylori; Kingella kingae; Klebsiella oxytoca; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Legionella pneumophila; Legionella spps.; Morganella spps.; Moraxella cattarhalis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Neisseria meningitidis; Plesiomonas shigelloides; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus penneri; Providencia spps.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas species; Rickettsia prowazekii; Rickettsia rickettsii; Rickettsia tsutsugamushi; Rochalimaea spps.; Salmonella subgroup 1 serotypes (to include S. paratyphi and S. typhi); Salmonella subgroups 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5; Serratia marcesans; Serratia spps.; Shigella boydii; Shigella flexneri; Shigella dysenteriae; Shigella sonnei; Yersinia enterocolitica; Yersinia pestis; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio vulnificus; and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

[0054] Cells also include, but are not limited to, Mycobacterial species, including, for example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium; and other Mycobacterium spps.

[0055] Cells also include, but are not limited to, Mycoplasmas (or pleuropneumonia-like organisms), including, for example, Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; and other Mycoplasma spps.

[0056] Cells also include, but are not limited to, Treponemataceae (spiral organisms) including, for example, Borrelia burgdorferi; other Borrelia species; Leptospira spps.; Treponema pallidum.

[0057] Methods for preparing the photoaffinity probes described in Formulas I, II, III, IV, V, and VI are depicted in the following synthesis schemes. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the described synthetic procedures are merely representative in nature and that alternative procedures are feasible and may be preferred in some cases.

[0058] Non-radioactive compounds of Formulas I and IV are prepared by the methods described in Schemes A and B. As shown in Scheme A, coupling of a benzoic acid moiety (A₁) with an appropriate hydroxyacetyl piperazine fragment (A₂) leads to compounds A₃ of Formula I where L is —OCH₂C(═O). Coupling can be accomplished with 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride or any other reagents familiar to ones skilled in the art. Appropriate benzoic acid fragments can be made by procedures known in the literature. (Dupuis, Can. J Chem., 1987, 65, 2450-2453; Shu, J. Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 1996, 38, 227-237, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Appropriate hydroxyacetyl piperazine fragments can also be made by methods known in the literature (Barbachyn, U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,950; Barbachyn, U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,136; and Synder, International Publication WO 00/10566-A1, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Methods for incorporation of ¹²⁵I into compounds A₃ are shown in Schemes C and D.

[0059] Non-radioactive compounds of Formulas I and IV where L is a bond are prepared by the synthetic sequence shown in Scheme B. An appropriate benzoic acid fragment (A₁ of Scheme A) is coupled with an appropriate piperazine (B₂) using 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole in tetrahydrofuran to give the desired compound (B₃) Other coupling methods known to those skilled in the art are also possible. The piperazine fragment is made by methods known in the literature (Hutchinson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,700,799, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; Barbachyn, U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,136; and Snyder, International Publication WO 00/10566-Al). Methods for incorporation of ¹²⁵I into compounds B₃ are shown in Schemes C and D.

[0060] Radioactive iodine is introduced into the compounds of Formulas I and IV by the methods shown in Schemes C and D. Compounds C₂ of Formula I (where R¹ is OH and R² is ¹²⁵I) are prepared by reaction of compounds C₁ (prepared according to the methods of Schemes A and B) with Na¹²⁵I and chloramine-T.

[0061] Alternatively, compounds D₃ of Formulas I and IV (where R¹ is H and R² is ¹²⁵I) are prepared as shown in Scheme D. Reaction of compounds D₁ (prepared by the methods shown in Schemes A and B) with hexamethylditin affords the stannanes D₂. Reaction of D₂ with Na¹²⁵I and chloramine-T leads to D₃.

[0062] Non-radioactive compounds of Formulas II and V are prepared by the method shown in Scheme E. The appropriate biphenyl nitro fragment (E₁) is reduced in the presence of hydrogen gas and a palladium catalyst to give the appropriate biphenyl aniline fragment (E2). Other reduction methods familiar to those skilled in the art may also be used. Conversion to the azido moiety (E₃) can be accomplished via displacement of the appropriate diazonium salt with sodium azide using conditions familiar to those skilled in the art. The appropriate nitro fragments (E,) can be prepared by methods known in the literature (Barbachyn, U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,435, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; Barbachyn U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,136; and Synder, International Publication WO 00/10566-A1) or by other methods familiar to those skilled in the art. Introduction of radioactive elements into compounds of Formulas II and V are depicted in Schemes F, G, and H.

[0063] Scheme F shows the procedure for incorporation of tritium into compounds of Formulas II and V where Q is oxazolidinone, Z is O, and R⁴ is CH₃. Reaction of F₁ (prepared according to Scheme E) with 6N HCl and methanol affords the free amine F₂. Reaction of F₂ with tritiated sodium acetate and a coupling reagent affords the tritiated acetainide F₃. Suitable coupling reagents include O-benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′,tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate. Other acceptable coupling reagents are known by those skilled in the art. Alternatively, tritiated acetic anhydride and a suitable base can be used in place of tritiated sodium acetate and a coupling reagent. Incorporation of tritium into compounds of Formulas II and V where Q is isoxazoline is carried out in similar fashion.

[0064] Scheme G shows the method for incorporation of ³⁵S into compounds of Formulas II and V where Q is oxazolidinone, Z is S, and R⁴ is CH₃. Reaction of F₂ (from Scheme F) with ethyl ³⁵S-dithioacetate affords the ³⁵S-thioacetamide, G₂ Incorporation of ³⁵S into compounds of Formulas II and V where Q is isoxazoline is carried out in similar fashion.

[0065] Radioactive iodine can be introduced into compounds of Formulas II and V by the method shown in Scheme H. Reaction of H₁ (prepared according to the route shown in Scheme E) with hexamethylditin affords the organostannane H₂. Reaction of H₂ with Na¹²⁵I and chloramine-T affords the radioiodinated compound H₃.

[0066] Compounds of Formula V where R¹² is N₃ are made according to the procedures described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,910,504, Example 17, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0067] Scheme I illustrates a synthetic method for the preparation of non-radioactive compounds of Formulas III and VI where P is oxazolidinone, Z is O, and R⁷ is optionally substituted azidophenyl or azidocinnamoyl. Refluxing an appropriate acetamide fragment (I₁) in methanolic hydrochloric acid affords the free amine I₂. The acetamide fragments (I₁) are prepared by methods known in the literature (Barbachyn, U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,571, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; Barbachyn, U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,136; and Synder, International Publication WO 00/10566-A1). Coupling of I₂ with an appropriate benzoic acid fragment (I₃, n=0) or cinnamic acid fragment (I₃, n=1) leads to the amide I₄. Coupling can be accomplished with EDC or other reagents familiar to ones skilled in the art. Appropriate benzoic acid fragments (I₃, n=0) are prepared by the same method used to prepare A₁ of Scheme A. Appropriate cinnamic acid fragments (I₃, n=1) can be prepared by coupling of an appropriate benzaldehyde with Wittig-Horner reagents. Benzaldehyde fragments can be prepared by procedures known in the literature (Shu, J. Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 1996, 38, 227-237) or by other methods familiar to those skilled in the art. Compounds of Formulas III and VI where P is isoxazoline or isoxazolinone are made by similar methods.

[0068] Introduction of ¹²⁵I into compounds of Formulas III and VI where P is oxazolidinone, Z is O, and R⁷ is optionally substituted azidophenyl or azidocinnamoyl is accomplished by the method shown in Scheme J. Reaction of I₄ (from Scheme I, where R¹ is H and R² is OH) with Na¹²⁵I and chloramine-T affords the radioiodinated compound J₂ Introduction of ¹²⁵I into compounds of Formulas III and VI where P is isoxazoline or isoxazolinone is carried out by similar methods.

[0069] Alternatively, introduction of ¹²⁵II into compounds of Formulas III and VI where P is oxazolidinone, Z is O, and R⁷ is optionally substituted azidophenyl or azidocinnamoyl is carried out by the method shown in Scheme K. Reaction of 14 (from Scheme I, where R¹ is I and R² is H) with hexamethylditin affords the organostannane K₂. Reaction of K₂ with Na¹²⁵I and chloramine-T affords the radioiodinated compound K₃. Radioiodination of compounds of Formulas III and VI where P is isoxazoline or isoxazolinone is carried out in similar fashion.

[0070] Scheme L illustrates a synthetic method for the preparation of radioactive compounds of Formulas III and VI where P is oxazolidinone, Z is ³⁵S, and R⁷ is optionally substituted azidoaniline. An appropriate ³⁵S-isothiocyanate L₂ is reacted with the appropriate aminomethyl fragment I₂ (Scheme I) in refluxing THF to give the desired ³⁵S-thiourea, (L₃). The required ³⁵S-isothiocyanate L₂ is prepared by reaction of an appropriate aniline with ³⁵S-thiophosgene. Introduction of ³⁵S into compounds of Formulas III and VI where P is isoxazoline or isoxazolinone is carried out in similar fashion.

[0071] The invention is further illustrated by way of the following examples which are intended to elucidate the invention. These examples are not intended, nor are they to be construed, as limiting the scope of the disclosure.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Synthesis

[0072] 2-[4-[4-[(S)-5-[(Acetylamino)methyl]-2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl 4-azido-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoate (Compound C₂ of Scheme C where L is —CH₂C(═O), X is F, Y is H, Q is oxazolidinone, Z is O and R⁴ is CH₃) is prepared as follows.

[0073] Step 1. To a stirred solution of (S)-N-[[3-[3-fluoro-4[4-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-piperazinyl] phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide (515.8 mg, 1.31 mmol) in dimethylformamide (10 ml) and pyridine (1 ml) is added 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (509.9 mg, 2.66 mmol) followed by 4-azidosalicylic acid (Dupuis, Can. J Chem., 1987, 65, 2450-2453) and a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 72 hours then concentrated. The residue is diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (100 ml) and is washed successively with H₂O (2×30 ml), 1 N HCl (2×30 ml), saturated NaHCO₃ (1×30 ml), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₃OH/CH₂Cl₂, absorbed onto silica gel and is purified on a Biotage 40S column with a SIM using 2.5% CH₃OH in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to give 186.5 mg (0.33 mmol, 25%) of the benzoate ester. mp 177-178° C. (dec). ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 10.4, 8.24, 7.87, 7.53, 7.17, 7.09, 6.76, 6.70, 5.17, 4.71, 4.09, 3.71, 3.60, 3.40, 3.02, 2.96, 1.83.

[0074] Step 2. All reagents are prepared in 0.1 N NaPO₄ buffer, pH 7.4 unless otherwise specified. Buffer (70 μl), chloramine-T (70 μl of a 1 mM stock solution), and the azido phenol of Step 1 (10 μl of a 50 μM stock solution in DMSO) are added to a 1.5 ml glass reaction vial. A rubber septum cap is crimped onto the reaction vial and a solution of ¹²⁵I₂ in sodium hydroxide (10 μl containing 1 mCi (Amersham #IMS 30) is added. The reaction is gently vortexed in the dark for 2 hours at room temperature then quenched with 10% solution of sodium bisulfite (100 μl). The quenched reaction is diluted with buffer (800 μl) and transferred from the reaction vial with a 1 ml tuberculin syringe fitted with an 18 gauge needle. The reaction volume (1 ml) is loaded onto a preconditioned C18 sep-pak cartridge (Millipore Corporation) and the unincorporated ¹²⁵I₂ is washed from the C18 resin with HPLC grade water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (20 ml). Product is eluted using of 80% CH₃CN/0.1 TFA (3 ml). The typical yield of iodinated product is approximately 30% of the total ¹²⁵I₂ added to the reaction.

Example 2 Synthesis

[0075] N-[[(5S)-3-[4-[4-(4-Azido-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide (Compound C₂ of Scheme C where L is a bond, X is F, Y is H, Q is oxazolidinone, Z is O and R⁴ is CH₃) is prepared as follows.

[0076] Step 1. To a stirred suspension of (S)-N-[[3-[4-[3-fluoro-4-(1-piperazinyl)]phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-acetamide (498.0 mg, 1.3 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 ml) is added diisopropylethylamine (0.70 ml, 4.0 mmol) followed by 4-azidosalicoyl chloride (342.6 mg, 1.7 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (7 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and then is partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (50 ml) and H₂O (10 ml). The phases are separated. The organic layer is washed with H₂O (10 ml), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₃OH/CH₂Cl₂, absorbed onto silica gel and is purified on a Biotage 40S column with a SIM using 3% CH₃OH in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to afford 412.3 mg (0.83 mmol, 62%) of the desired benzamide as a tan solid. mp 188-189° C. (dec). ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 10.2, 8.24, 7.51, 7.22, 7.16, 7.07, 6.64, 6.58, 4.70, 4.07, 3.70, 3.36, 2.96, 1.83.

[0077] Step 2. Starting with the phenol prepared in Step 1, ¹²⁵I is introduced according to the procedure described in Step 2 of example 1.

Example 3 Synthesis

[0078] 2-[4-[4-[(5S)-5-[(Acetylamino)methyl]-2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl 4-azido-3-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoate (Compound D₃ of Scheme D where L is —CH₂C(═O), X is F, Y is H, Q is oxazolidinone, Z is O and R⁴ is CH₃)

[0079] Step 1. To a stirred solution of 4-azido-3-iodobenzoic acid (103.8 mg, 0.36 mmol, (Shu, J. of Labelled Compounds and Radiophannaceuticals, 1996, 38, 227-237)) in dry THF (2.0 ml) is added 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (58.2 mg, 0.36 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then (S)-N-[[3-[3-fluoro-4[4-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide (141.9 mg, 0.36 mmol) is added followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 72 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into CH₂Cl₂ (30 ml) and washed successively with H₂O (15 ml), 1 N HCI (15 ml), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (15 ml), brine (15 ml), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified on a Biotage 12M column using 2% CH₃OH in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to afford 119.6 mg (0.18 mmol, 50%) of the benzoate ester. mp 137-139° C. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.52, 8.14, 7.49, 7.19, 7.07, 6.95, 6.01, 5.00, 4.72, 4.02, 3.81, 3.75, 3.62, 3.05, 1.58.

[0080] Step 2. To a stirred solution of the iodobenzoate prepared in Step 1 (62.7 mg, 0.094 mmol) and hexamethylditin (46.3 mg, 0.14 mmol) in dry THF (3 ml) is added dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (2.0 mg, 0.003 mmol). The reaction mixture is degassed and is heated at reflux for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled and filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate is absorbed onto silica gel and purified on a Biotage 12M column with SIM using 2% CH₃OH in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to afford 28.6 mg (0.04 mmol, 43%) of the stannane. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.25, 8.04, 8.00, 7.48, 7.42, 7.15, 7.10, 5.10, 4.73, 4.09, 3.71, 3.60, 3.40, 3.02, 2.96, 1.83, 0.33.

[0081] Step 3. To a stirred solution of the stannane prepared in Step 2 in dry acetonitrile is added a solution of IM aqueous Na¹²⁵I followed by chloramine-T hydrate. After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture is quenched with saturated aqueous Na₂S₂O₃ and purified to give the radioiodinated material.

Example 4 Synthesis

[0082] N-[[(5S)-3-[4-[4-(4-Azido-3-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide (Compound D₃ of Scheme D where L is a bond, X is F, Y is H, Q is oxazolidinone, Z is O and R⁴ is CH₃)

[0083] Step 1. To a stirred solution of 4-azido-3-iodobenzoic acid (272.0 mg, 0.94 mmol) in dry THF (4 ml) is added 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (152.6 mg, 0.94 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then (S)-N-[[3-[4-[3-fluoro-4-(1-piperazinyl)]phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-acetamide (315.9 mg, 0.94 mmol) is added followed by DMF (2 ml). The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled and poured into CH₂Cl₂ (40 ml) and successively washed with H₂O (20 ml), 1 N HCl (20 ml), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 ml), brine (20 ml), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, absorbed onto silica gel and is purified on a Biotage 40S column with SIM using 2.5% CH₃OH in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to afford 376.7 mg (0.62 mmol) of the benzamide as a yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.24, 7.88, 7.53, 7.47, 7.39, 7.19, 7.08, 4.71, 4.08, 3.70, 3.51, 3.40, 2.99, 1.83.

[0084] Step 2. To a stirred solution of the iodobenzamide prepared in Step 1 (82.4 mg, 0.13 mmol) and hexamethylditin (71.1 mg 0.22 mmol) in dry THF (6 ml) is added tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The reaction mixture is degassed and heated at reflux for 12 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is filtered through a plug of celite and the filtrate is absorbed onto silica gel and purified on a Biotage 12M column with SIM using 2% CH₃OH in 49% CH₂Cl₂ and 49% EtOAC as the eluent to afford 28.2 mg (0.044 mmol, 34%) of the stannane. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.24, 7.50, 7.43, 7.35, 7.18, 7.17, 4.71, 4.08, 4.01, 3.70, 3.40, 2.99, 1.83, 0.32.

[0085] Step 3. To a stirred solution of the stannane prepared in Step 2 in dry acetonitrile is added a solution of 1M aqueous Na¹²⁵I followed by chloramine-T hydrate. After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture is quenched with saturated aqueous Na₂S₂O₃ and purified to give the desired radioiodinated material.

Example 5 Synthesis

[0086] N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-T₃-acetamide (Compound F₃ of Scheme F where R¹ is H, R² is H, X is F, and Y is H)

[0087] Step 1. To a stirred solution of 4-iodonitrobenzene (6.86 g, 27.5 mmol) in dry DMF (230 ml) is added bis(pinacolato)diboron (8.24 g, 32.4 mmol) followed by potassium acetate (8.68 g, 88.5 mmol) and [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (624.6 mg, 0.76 mmol). The reaction mixture is degassed and heated at 85° C. for 2 hours. To the cooled dark reaction mixture is added (S)-N-[[3-(3-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl] acetamide (5.8 g, 15.3 mmol) followed by 2 N aqueous NaC₂O₃ (143 ml) and [1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (312.0 mg, 0.38 mmol). The reaction mixture is degassed and heated at 85° C. for 3 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is partitioned between EtOAC (500 ml) and H₂O (300 ml). The phases are separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with EtOAC (300 ml). The organic layers are combined and successively washed with H₂O (500 ml), brine (500 ml), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₃OH/CH₂Cl₂, absorbed onto silica gel and is purified on a Biotage 40 M column (2 lots) with SIM using 75% EtOAC in CH₂Cl₂ to 100% EtOAC as the eluent to afford 3.74 g (10.0 mmol, 65%) of the desired nitrobiphenyl compound. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.30, 7.83, 7.68, 7.50, 4.78, 4.18, 3.80, 3.44, 1.84.

[0088] Step 2. A mixture of the nitrobiphenyl compound prepared in Step 1 (3.74 g, 10.0 mmol), 10% palladium on carbon in THF (100 ml), CH₃OH (100 ml) and CH₂Cl₂(100 ml) is hydrogenated under a balloon of hydrogen for 18 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate is concentrated to afford 2.50 g (7.3 mmol, 73%) of the desired aminobiphenyl. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.26, 7.45, 7.34, 7.23, 6.64, 5.28, 4.73, 4.14, 3.76, 3.42, 1.84.

[0089] Step 3. To a stirred solution of the aminobiphenyl prepared in Step 2 (508.93 mg, 1.48 mmol) in CH₃OH (40 ml) and 1 M HCl (40 ml), cooled to 0° C. is added a 1.2 M aqueous NaNO₂ solution (1.48 ml, 1.78 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 90 minutes, then sulfamic acid (143.5 mg, 1.48 mmol) is added followed by sodium azide (115.4 mg, 1.78 mmol) in H₂O (1.5 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 45 minutes, then diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (200 ml). The phases are separated. The aqueous phase is extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (75 ml). The combine organic phases are dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₃OH/CH₂Cl₂, absorbed onto silica gel and is purified on a Biotage 40S column with SIM using 10% CH₃OH in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to afford 262.9 mg (0.71 mmol, 48%) of the desired azidobiphenyl as a pale yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.27, 7.58, 7.42, 7.24, 4.76, 4.16, 3.78, 3.43, 1.84.

[0090] Step 4. The azidobiphenyl prepared in Step 3 (102.4 mg, 0.27 mmol) in 6 N HCl (2 ml) and CH₃OH (6 ml) is heated at reflux for 18 hours. The CH₃OH is removed in vacuo and the solid precipitate is isolated by filtration and is washed successively with H₂O (10 ml), ether (2×15 ml) then dried to afford 82.1 mg (0.23 mmol, 82%) of the desired amine hydrochloride. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.30, 7.62, 7.42, 7.25, 4.98, 4.25, 3.91.

[0091] Step 5. To a stirring solution of 0.57 mg (6.94 μmol, 250 mCi) of tritiated acetic acid sodium salt (American Radiolabeled Chemicals, lot no ARC 990519) in 1 ml of dry DMF and 2.71 mg (21 μmol) of diisopropylethylamine at room temperature, is added 6.94 μmol of 0.45M O-Benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) in dry DMF. The solution instantly turned pale yellow and is stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. The activated [³H]acetic acid sodium salt was then added to a stirring solution of 2.73 mg (7.5 μmol) of the amine hydrochloride prepared in Step 4 in 2 ml of dry DMF. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 4.5 hours, then all solvents are removed by vacuum distillation at room temperature. The crude reaction mixture is purified on a preparative TLC plate (Analtech Silica gel GF, 500 micron, 20 cm×20 cm plate), eluted with 8% methanol in dichloromethane. The desired band is scrapped. The product is eluted from the silica gel with 20% methanol in dichloromethane and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated under vacuum, and the residue is dissolved in 65.5 ml of methanol to afford 94.4 mCi of the desired tritiated material (1.44 mCi/ml methanol, specific activity 57.37 mCi/mg (57.37 Ci/mmol), radiochemical purity 99.5% by HPLC).

Example 6 Synthesis

[0092] N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-T₃-acetamide (Compound F₃ of Scheme F where R¹ is H, R² is I, X is F, and Y is H)

[0093] Step 1. To a stirred solution of the aniline prepared in Step 2 of Example 5 (284.9 mg, 0.83 mmol) in acetic acid (3 ml) is added iodine monochloride (134.5 mg, 0.83 mmol) in acetic acid (0.25 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture is partitioned between EtOAc and aqueous NaS₂O₃. The phases are separated. The aqueous phase is extracted with EtOAc (20 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₃OH, absorbed onto silica gel and is purified on a Biotage 40S column with SIM using 10-25% acetone in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to afford 48.4 mg (0.10 mmol, 12%) of the desired iodoaniline as a yellow oil. ¹H-NMR (CH₃OD) δ: 7.73, 7.52, 7.29, 6.85, 4.81, 4.10, 3.79, 3.53, 3.32, 1.98.

[0094] Step 2. To a stirred solution of the iodoaniline prepared in Step 1 (47.2 mg, 0.10 mmol) in CH₃OH (2 ml) and 1N HCl (2 ml) cooled to 0° C., is added a solution of NaNO₂ (8.5 mg, 0.12 mmol) in H₂O (1 ml). The yellow reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes, then a solution of NaN₃ (8.0 mg, 0.12 mmol) in H₂O (1 ml) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour, during which time a yellow precipitate formed. The solid is isolated by filtration and washed with H₂O and dried to afford 41.0 mg (0.083 mmol, 83%) of the desired iodoazidobiphenyl as a yellow solid. mp 173-175° C. (dec). ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.27, 7.98, 7.60, 7.42, 4.76, 4.16, 3.78, 3.43, 1.84.

[0095] Step 3. A mixture of 129 mg (0.26 mmol) of the iodoazidobiphenyl prepared in Step 2 (129.0 mg, 0.26 mmol), CH₃OH (6 ml) and 1N HCl (2 ml) are heated at reflux for 48 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is concentrated to afford quantitative yield the desired amine hydrochloride as a tan solid. ¹H-NMR (CH₃OD) δ: 7.96, 7.63, 7.46, 7.38, 7.29, 5.04, 4.34, 3.93, 3.38, 1.30.

[0096] Step 4. To a solution of 5.1 mg (0.05 mmol, 25 mCi) of tritiated acetic anhydride (Amersham Batch B77, isotope # 00-0316) is added 2 N PCl₃ in CH₂Cl₂ (25 μl). The reaction mixture is left at room temperature for 5 hours with occasional mixing. To this mixture is added a solution of the amine hydrochloride prepared in Step 3 (47.7 mg, 0.104 mmol) in pyridine (0.25 ml) followed by DMAP (4.6 mg). After 30 minutes, the reaction mixture is partitioned between H₂O and CH₂C1₂. The phases are separated. The aqueous phase is extracted exhaustively with CH₂Cl₂ and then concentrated. The residue is purified on silica gel (4 g) using 20% acetone in toluene as the eluent to afford 38.2 mg (0.077 mmol, 74%) of desired tritiated acetamide.

Example 7 Synthesis

[0097] N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl] ethane-³⁵S-thioamide (Compound G₂ of Scheme G where R¹ is H, R² is I, X is F, and Y is H)

[0098] Step 1. Methylmagnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is treated with 35S labeled carbon disulfide at 40° C., followed by treatment with ethyl iodide. The reaction is stirred at 60° C. for 1.5 hours. After workup with water and ethyl ether, the desired ethyl ³⁵S-dithioacetate is obtained.

[0099] Step 2. The amine hydrochloride salt prepared in Step 3 of Example 6 and the ethyl [³⁵S]dithioacetate prepared in Step 1 are stirred in methylene chloride, methanol, and triethylamine to give the desired ³⁵S labeled thioamide.

Example 8 Synthesis

[0100] N-[[(5 S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo-¹²⁵I-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl] acetamide (Compound H₃ of Scheme H where X is F, Y is H, Q is oxazolidinone, Z is O, and R⁴ is CH₃)

[0101] Step 1. To a stirred solution of the iodobiphenyl prepared in Step 2 of Example 6 (56.2 mg, 0.11 mmol) and hexamethylditin (73.9 mg, 0.22 mmol) in toluene (5 ml) is added palladium (II) acetate (2.6 mg, 0.011 mmol) followed by triphenylphosphine (6.5 mg, 0.022 mmol). The reaction mixture is degassed and heated at 80° C. for 20 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is concentrated to one half the volume, then purified on a Biotage 12S column using 10-20% acetone in CH₂C1₂ as the eluent to afford 53.5 mg (0.10 mmol, 89%) of the desired stannane. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 7.53, 7.43, 7.30, 7.21, 6.07, 4.83, 4.11, 3.83, 3.73, 2.05, 0.35.

[0102] Step 2. To a stirred solution of the stannane prepared in Step I in dry CH₃CN and pH 7 phosphate buffer is added chloramine-T followed by a solution of IM aqueous Na¹²⁵I. After 30 minutes, the reaction mixture is quenched with saturated aqueous Na₂S₂O₃ and purified to give the title compound.

Example 9 Synthesis

[0103] (2E)-3-(4-Azido-3-iodo-₁₂₅I-phenyl)-N-[[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-2-propenamide (Compound I₄ of Scheme I where R⁵ is 4-pyridyl, X is F, Y is H, n is 1, R¹ is ¹²⁵I, and R² is H)

[0104] Step 1. To a stirred solution of oxalyl chloride (0.10 mL, 1.2 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1.5 ml), cooled to −78° C., is added dry DMSO (0.14 ml, 1.97 mmol). After 10 minutes, a solution of 4-azido-3-iodobenzyl alcohol (217.0 mg, 0.79 mmol (Shu, J. of Labeled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 1996, 38, 227-237)) in CH₂Cl₂ (2.5 ml) is added. After 15 minutes, triethylamine (0.33 ml, 2.37 mmol) is added and the reaction mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture is poured into CH₂Cl₂ (30 ml) and washed successively with H₂O (20 ml), brine (20 ml), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified on a Biotage 12M column using 10% EtOAC in hexane to afford 195.5 mg (0.72 mmol, 91%) of the desired aldehyde. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 9.9, 8.31, 7.93, 7.28.

[0105] Step 2. To a stirred solution of the aldehyde prepared in Step 1 (190.0 mg, 0.69 mmol) in dry THF (1 ml) is added triethylphosphonoacetate (0.15 ml, 0.76 mmol) followed by lithium hydroxide monohydrate (32.1 mg, 0.76 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into CH₂Cl₂ (40 ml) and successively washed with H₂O (20 ml), brine (20 ml), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, absorbed onto silica gel and purified on a Biotage 40S column with a SIM using 5% EtOAC in hexane as the eluent to afford 165.1 mg (0.48 mmol, 70%) of the desired ester. mp 93-94° C. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 7.97, 7.56, 7.16, 6.40, 4.29, 1.35.

[0106] Step 3. To a stirred solution of the ester prepared in Step 2 (66.7 mg, 0.19 mmol) in CH₃OH (2 ml) is added 1 N LiOH (0.19 ml, 0.19 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 12 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is concentrated and used immediately.

[0107] Step 4. (S)-N-[[3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl] acetamide (1.40 g, 4.25 mmol) in CH₃OH (62 ml) and 6 N HCl (31 ml) is heated at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated to afford 1.48 g of the amine bis-hydrochloride salt. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.98, 8.62, 8.26, 7.75, 7.56, 7.35, 5.76, 5.07, 4.28, 4.30, 3.27.

[0108] Step 5. The amine bis-hydrochloride (from Step 4) (68.2 mg, 0.19 mmol), the lithium carboxylate prepared in Step 3, 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (72.8 mg, 0.38 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (30.8 mg, 0.23 mmol) are dissolved in pyridine (2 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 72 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (40 ml) and washed with H₂O (20 ml), brine (20 ml), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₃OH/CH₂Cl₂, absorbed onto silica gel and is purified on a Biotage 12M column with SIM using 2% CH₃OH (saturated with NH₃) in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to afford 56.2 mg (0.096 mmol, 51%) of the desired cinnamide. ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 8.66, 8.48, 8.02, 7.64, 7.49, 7.40, 7.35, 6.70, 4.86, 4.22, 3.84, 3.60.

[0109] Step 6. To a stirred solution of the iodocinnamide prepared in Step 4 and hexamethylditin in dry THF is added tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The reaction mixture is degassed and heated at reflux for 12 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is filtered through a plug of celite and the filtrate is absorbed onto silica gel and purified on a Biotage 12M column with SIM to afford the stannane.

[0110] Step 7. To a stirred solution of the stannane prepared in Step 5 in dry acetonitrile is added a solution of IM aqueous Na¹²⁵I followed by chloramine-T hydrate. After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture is quenched with saturated aqueous Na₂S₂O₃ and purified to give the desired radioiodinated material.

Example 10 Synthesis

[0111] 4-Azido-N-[[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵1-benzamide (Compound J₂ of Scheme J where R⁵ is 4-pyridyl, X is F, and Y is H, and n is 0)

[0112] Step 1. To a stirred suspension of the amine bis-hydrochloride salt prepared in Step 4 of Example 9 (172.4 mg, 0.48 mmol) in pyridine (4 ml) and CH₂Cl₂ (1 ml) is added 4-azidosalicylic acid (128.9 mg 0.72 mmol) followed by added 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (184.0 mg, 0.96 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (77.8 mg, 0.58 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 72 hours then concentrated. The residue is dissolved in CH₃OH/CH₂Cl₂, absorbed onto silica gel and purified on a Biotage 40S column with SIM using EtOAC as the eluent to afford 44.8 mg (0.10 mmol, 21%) of the benzamide as a tan solid. mp 200-202° C. (dec). ¹H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 12.5, 9.1, 8.66, 7.92, 7.70, 7.67, 7.61, 7.50, 7.46, 6.70, 6.60, 4.93, 4.25, 3.92, 3.70.

[0113] Step 2. Starting with the phenol prepared in Step 1, ¹²⁵I is introduced according to the procedure described in Step 2 of Example 1.

Example 11 Synthesis

[0114] N-(4-Azidophenyl)-N′-[[(5 S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]-methyl]-³⁵S-thiourea (Compound L₃ of Scheme L where R⁵ is 4-pyridyl, X is F, Y is H, R¹ is H and R² is H)

[0115] To a stirred solution of the amine bis-hydrochloride (from Step 4 of Example 9) in dry THF is added Hunig's base followed by ³⁵S-4-azidophenylisothiocyanate in THF. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 1 hour. The cooled reaction mixture is cooled and purified to give the desired thiourea.

[0116] As those skilled in the art will appreciate, numerous changes and modifications may be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is intended that all such variations fall within the scope of the invention. The entire disclosure of each publication cited herein is hereby incorporated by reference. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound comprising the formula

wherein: X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R¹ is H or I; R² is H or OH; R³ is H or C₁-C₈ alkyl; L is a bond or —OCH₂C(═O); and Q is

 wherein: R⁴ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl; and Z is O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. A compound of claim 1 wherein X is F, Y is H, R³ is H, and R⁴ is CH₃.
 3. A compound of claim 1 wherein said compound is 2-[4-[4-[(5S)-5-[(Acetylamino)methyl]-2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl-4-azido-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoate.
 4. A compound of claim 1 wherein said compound is N-[[(5S)-3-[4-[4-(4-Azido-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide.
 5. A compound of claim 1 wherein said compound is 2-[4-[4-[(5S)-5-[(Acetylamino)methyl]-2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl 4-azido-3-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoate.
 6. A compound of claim 1 wherein said compound is N-[[(5S)-3-[4-[4-(4-Azido-3-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide.
 7. A compound comprising the formula

wherein: X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R¹ is H or I; R² is H or OH; and Q is

 wherein: R⁴ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl; and Z is O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 8. A compound of claim 7 wherein X is F, Y is H, and R⁴ is CH₃.
 9. A compound of claim 7 wherein said compound is N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-T₃-acetamide.
 10. A compound of claim 7 wherein said compound is N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-T₃-acetamide.
 11. A compound of claim 7 wherein said compound is N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]ethane-³⁵S-thioamide.
 12. A compound of claim 7 wherein said compound is N-[[(5S)-3-(4′-Azido-2-fluoro-3′-iodo-¹²⁵I-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide.
 13. A compound comprising the formula

wherein: X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R⁵ is

 wherein: R⁶ is H, N₃, halogen, NH₂, OH, SH, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, C₁-C₄ alkyl, nitrile, carboxamide, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl; and P is

wherein: Z is O or S; and R⁷ is

 wherein: R¹ is H or I; and R² is H or OH; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 14. A compound of claim 13 wherein X is F, Y is H, and R⁶ is H.
 15. A compound of claim 13 wherein said compound is (2E)-3-(4-azido-3-iodo-¹²⁵I-phenyl)-N-[[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-2-propenamide.
 16. A compound of claim 13 wherein said compound is 4-azido-N-[[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-iodo-¹²⁵I-benzamide.
 17. A compound of claim 13 wherein said compound is N-(4-azidophenyl)-N′-[[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-³⁵S-thiourea.
 18. A method of using a compound comprising the formula

wherein: X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R⁸ is H or I; R⁹ is H or OH; R¹¹ is H or C₁-C₈ alkyl; L is a bond or —OCH₂C(═O); and Q is

 wherein: R¹¹ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl; and Z is O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a photoaffinity probe.
 19. The method of claim 18 comprising the steps: contacting a cell or component thereof with said compound, wherein said compound is radiolabeled; exposing said radiolabeled compound to light; and detecting said radiolabel.
 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising contacting said cell or components thereof with a competitor compound.
 21. A method of using a compound comprising the formula

wherein: X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R¹² is N₃ or

 wherein: R⁸ is H or I; and R⁹ is H or OH; and Q is

 wherein: R¹¹ is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or cyclopropyl; and Z is O or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a photoaffinity probe.
 22. The method of claim 21 comprising the steps: contacting a cell or component thereof with said compound, wherein said compound is radiolabeled; exposing said radiolabeled compound to light; and detecting said radiolabel.
 23. The method of claim 22 further comprising contacting said cell or components thereof with a competitor compound.
 24. A method of using a compound comprising the formula

wherein: X and Y are, independently, F, H or CH₃; R¹³ is

 wherein: R¹⁴ is H, N₃, halogen, NH₂, OH, SH, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, C₁-C₄alkyl, nitrile, carboxamide, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, or C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl; and P is

 wherein: Z is O or S; and R¹⁵ is

 wherein: R⁸ is H or I; and R⁹ is H or OH; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a photoaffinity probe.
 25. The method of claim 24 comprising the steps: contacting a cell or component thereof with said compound, wherein said compound is radiolabeled; exposing said radiolabeled compound to light; and detecting said radiolabel.
 26. The method of claim 25 further comprising contacting said cell or components thereof with a competitor compound. 